In commercially available SFC systems, CO₂ is initially pumped in liquid state and is brought into the supercritical state by heating it above the critical temperature before it enters the high-pressure area of the LC instrument. After high-pressure mixing with a modifier, the mobile phase passes into an injector, where the sample is introduced into the supercritical stream, and further transported to the separation column. The high pressure of the mobile phase must be maintained downstream of the detector outlet using a back-pressure regulator to keep the mobile phase in its supercritical condition over the complete flow path.
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